SIRANUSH GRIGORYAN

Yerevan State University,

Faculty of Law, Chair of European and International Law,

PhD Student

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59546/18290744-2024.4-6-97

 

Annotation.

The European Union (EU) has become a significant user of international sanctions to address global issues. This study examines the EU's legal foundation for sanctions, analysing the decision-making process and the expanding toolkit that has established sanctions as a foreign policy instrument. By providing insights into the operation and impact of EU sanctions mechanisms, it identifies critical areas for improvement, such as strengthening the legal basis for targeting non-state actors, enhancing procedural safeguards, and ensuring transparent justifications for sanctions. Additionally, it explores obstacles and risks associated with current policies, proposing changes to make the EU's sanctions regime more effective. Through continuous improvement and adaptation of its legal framework, the EU can better respond to international challenges and uphold its foreign policy objectives in the coming decades. The research aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on the future direction of EU sanctions policy, emphasizing the need for a more f lexible and responsive approach.

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HAYK GRIGORYAN

The Academic Member of the Supreme Judicial Council of

the Republic of Armenia,

Doctor of Law

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59546/18290744-2024.4-6-89

 

Annotation.

The article examines the problems of the lack of adequate implementing legislation in the Republic of Armenia, as well as the incompatibility of the norms of national legislation and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The article provides a legal analysis of the norms of substantive and procedural law in relation to a number of key legal institutions and substantiates the need for relevant lawmaking activities, which are essentially inevitable after the ratification and entry into force of the Rome Statute of the ICC. In order to eliminate the analyzed legal gaps, it is proposed to make appropriate amendments to the Criminal and Criminal Procedure Codes, as well as to a number of other laws. It is proposed to eliminate the legal gap in cooperation between national criminal justice bodies and the ICC by creating a special governmental institute for cooperation with the ICC, appointing national coordinators, ratifying the Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the ICC and adopting the Law on Cooperation with the ICC. It is proposed to include in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Armenia a separate chapter on the norms and procedures for organizing investigations and collecting evidence. In order to overcome the high level of blanketness of war crimes, as well as taking into account the existing international legal obligations of the Republic of Armenia, it is proposed to split the same-name Chapter 22 of Section VIII of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia “Crimes against the Peace and Security of Mankind” and supplement Section VIII with separate chapters - “Crimes against Peace” (Chapter 22 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia), “Crimes against the Security of Mankind” (Chapter 23 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia), “War Crimes” (Chapter 24 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia), thereby incorporating Art. 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC “Genocide”, Art. 7 “Crimes against Humanity” and Art. 8 “War Crimes” into Section VIII of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia. Such an approach will ensure the unification of all crimes against international humanitarian law, where only the chapter “War Crimes” will include about 50 different types of war crimes, taking into account the list of crimes also provided for by customary international law.

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SUREN BAGHINYAN

PhD student at YSU Chair of Criminal Procedure and Criminalistics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59546/18290744-2024.4-6-79

 

Annotation.

In this article the author touches one of the most important underlying problems of forensic science: the characteristics of the investigative examination of document in the proceedings of high treason.

The investigative examination of document has a key importance in investigatory actions during the criminal proceedings of high treason cases.

The significance of the investigative examination of document for such kind of proceedings is due to the circumstances, that, as a rule, information as a direct object of high treason is vested in documents, in other words, it is conveyed in the form of document.

The author first of all shows the meaning of these investigatory actions, then from the perspective of completeness of the research, touches the concept of document, examines its procedural criminal, as well as forensic aspects.

By analysing different specialists’ approaches, the author concludes, that documents that have paper format are most commonly targeted in such cases, and in this context he separates the sysytem of strategic methods of investigative examination of documents classifying them as paper format and no paper format (electronic).

The author indicates that in such proceedings during the investigative examination of documents from the persepective of its strategic effectiveness, it is important to consider those conditions and regulations that are set by legislation specially for the secret workflow.

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NAIRA ZOHRABYAN

PhD in Law, Associate Professor,

Head of the Department of Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure Law,

Institute of Law and Politics of the Russian-Armenian University

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59546/18290744-2024.4-6-72

 

Annotation.

The article considers doctrinal approaches to the definition of competition of criminal law norms, the ratio of conflict and competition in criminal law. The types of competition, the causes of its occurrence, as well as ways to overcome it are also analyzed. The author focused on some types of competition of criminal law norms that have a significant impact on the qualification of a crime. In the framework of this study, the author paid special attention to the competition between general and special norms and competition between parts and the whole, with an analysis of scientific approaches and law enforcement practice. Summarizing the opinions of scientists, the author also analyzed the competition of special norms. The author’s proposals for improving criminal legislation contribute to the uniform application of criminal law norms and the establishment of unified practice.

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HRIPSIME KHACHATRYAN

PhD, Associate Professor, Police Lieutenant Colonel,

Head of the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology of the Educational

Complex of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Armenia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59546/18290744-2024.4-6-62

 

Annotation.

The author devoted his work to a comparative legal analysis of the issue of importance for the prevention of juvenile delinquency and the resocialization of juveniles, and compulsory educational measures in the context of the former and current criminal codes.

As a result of the conducted research, quantitative and qualitative changes in compulsory educational measures were touched upon, and the positive and negative meanings of these changes were discussed. In particular, the current legislation provides for five compulsory educational measures instead of the previous four, in addition, warning as a compulsory educational measure is generally excluded, and the remaining three are either supplemented or modified in content. Two new measures were envisaged: completion of studies, continuation of studies, admission to work through the mediation of a municipality and participation in a special educational, sports, cultural or social program or event or rehabilitation program in a rehabilitation institution. The first measure was not envisaged for by previous legislation as an independent measure, but was applied in the context of restricting leisure freedom and establishing special requirements for the behavior of juveniles, and the second measure is an innovation in the legislation of the RA.

The results of the study were summarized by the author in the format of conclusions and suggestions of practical importance.

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ADELINA SARGSYAN

PhD in Law,

Lecturer of the Department of Criminal Law and

Criminal Procedure Law of the

Institute of Law and Politics of the Russian-Armenian University

ANUSH HAKOBYAN

PhD in Law,

Lecturer of the Department of Criminal Law and

Criminal Procedure Law of the

Institute of Law and Politics of the Russian-Armenian University

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59546/18290744-2024.4-6-49

 

Annotation.

This article provides criminal-legal and criminological characteristics of the subjective side of iatrogenic crimes committed by medical workers. Based on the analysis of various academic works and judicial practice of the Republic of Armenia, it is concluded that the crimes committed by medical workers, as a rule, are based on negligence. At the same time, it is noted that there is an increased degree of public danger of crimes committed due to the frivolity of medical workers. It is concluded that it is necessary to consolidate the norm of careless co-infliction of harm as a result of consistent actions of medical workers. Materials from judicial practice on iatrogenic crimes, the results of sociological surveys conducted in various regions of the Republic of Armenia served as the empirical basis for the study.

The authors put forward a proposal regarding the consolidation in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia of one of the main manifestations of negligence of medical workers, namely, professional ignorance, characterized by a person’s lack of relevant professional knowledge, skills, and abilities.

Taking into account the lack of special knowledge in the field of medicine among law enforcement officers and the difficulties encountered in the investigation of iatrogenic crimes, the authors proposed the organization of professional retraining courses for investigators, as well as the creation of specialized units for the investigation of iatrogenic crimes.

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