MARTIN MANUKYAN

Responsible for monitoring the work of the

Office of the Public Defender of the Chamber of Advocates of the Republic of Armenia,

Lecturer of the Department of Jurisprudence of the Yerevan University “Gladzor”,

Candidate of Legal Sciences

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59546/18290744-2025.1-3-147

Annotation.

The countries of the Central and Eastern European region are conventionally divided into two groups in this article. The first group includes those countries that were formerly part of the USSR, and after the collapse of the latter, united in the Commonwealth of Independent States. These are Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, as well as the South Caucasus countries outside the geographical borders of Europe - Armenia, Georgia (it left the CIS in 2008) and Azerbaijan. Kazakhstan is also a member of the Council of Europe, although only a small part of its territory is within the geographical area of Europe.

The second group is formed by such Eastern European countries as Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and the countries that emerged after the breakup of Yugoslavia: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Serbia (in 2008 Kosovo declared its secession from Serbia and declaration of independence and is still a partially recognized country), Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro. This group, of course, also includes Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia.

According to the author of the article, it is justified to single out a conditional group of the mentioned countries. These countries have survived the period of communist rule and are currently fundamentally reforming the entire system of public relations, including the system of the supreme bodies of state power. At the same time, they rely on their own pre-socialist past and the example of developed democratic countries, as well as take into consideration modern global trends in constitutional development.

The author of the article also believes that the specific goal of the reforms was to overcome the negative political and legal practices of the socialist regime. In particular, the Eastern European countries are striving to recreate the parliament as a truly functioning representative legislative body of state power. And although most of them have chosen a mixed form of government, the decisive role of adopting laws and forming a government and defining its responsibilities has been assigned to the parliament, which, in accordance with modern ideas, has acquired broad powers, including in the field of foreign political cooperation.

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